The Arab Revolt of 1936-1939 in Palestine: A Study Based on Oral Sources (ص 46)

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عنوان

The Arab Revolt of 1936-1939 in Palestine: A Study Based on Oral Sources (ص 46)

المحتوى

sheikhs who derived their status from the fact that they were tax-
collectors for their regions. ' This position also gave them the status of
mediators between the peasants and the government, as well as political
power from being their representatives and patrons.
However, the most significant factor of the social order of Palestine in
that period was that most of the population was divided along the broad
lines of Qais and Yaman (two old Arab confederations before Islam),
and the clans formed their alliances according to these divisions. But a
clan could shift its alliances from Qais to Yaman, according to its
political interests.
Among other things the Ottoman reforms (1840-1860's) brought about
changes which affected the social order of Palestine. These included the
integration of Palestine into the European capitalist market, the
introduction of cash crops, and the emergence of a new bourgeoisie in
the urban centers. There was rapid growth of the towns, which also
witnessed an immigration from the rural areas, and the change of the tax-
collecting system, which was moved from the hands of the local sheiks to
tax-officers, and the big land owners. All these changes led to the decline
of the patronage system, and the Qaisi-Yamani affiliations lost their
effectiveness as the basis for clan alliances.? Local sheiks lost their
influence as the rural areas began to lose their autonomous status, and
social and political power began to shift to the urban areas. These new
changes needed a more complex network of alliances. After the First
World War the British Mandate and the Zionist movement posed a more
sophisticated and more complex threat which could not be faced
effectively by the old forms of alliances.
The power of the rural systems was shifting rapidly during the
second half of the nineteenth century to the urban elites (a’yan), as a
1yY. Porath, The Palestinian Arab National Movement. p.9
2 Salim Tamari, "Factionalism and Class Formation in Recent
Palestinian History". in Roger Owen (ed.) Studies in the
Economic and Social History of Palestine. p.182

هو جزء من

The Arab Revolt of 1936-1939 in Palestine: A Study Based on Oral Sources

تاريخ

1990-10

المنشئ

Sonia Nimr

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